Farzad Bayat Movahhed; Saeed Najafi; Mohammad Roghani
Abstract
Knowledge about optimizing use of rain water under different systems for overcoming water stresses, maximization of crop yield and how their effects is very important. So in this research effect of Rain Water Catchment (RWC) systems under five treatments viz. control (A), eliminated of vegetation and ...
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Knowledge about optimizing use of rain water under different systems for overcoming water stresses, maximization of crop yield and how their effects is very important. So in this research effect of Rain Water Catchment (RWC) systems under five treatments viz. control (A), eliminated of vegetation and pebble with a gravel filter (B), eliminated of vegetation and pebble without any gravel filter (C), insulated some portion by plastic with gravel filter (D) and insulated some portion by plastic without any gravel filter (E) on activity of photosynthetic parameters have been assessed. The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for each treatment. RWCs were designed in 8, 5, and 0.5 meters for the length, width and depth respectively, as well as with 9 % downward slope. To facilitate runoff infiltration in root region; a gravel filter was created that was 10 cm diameter and 30 cm depth respectively, in all treatment. Four photosynthetic factor viz. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and substomatal CO2 adsorption were measured after 10 and 23 days after one rainfall event in 2011. Results showed there are significant differences between measured factors except substomatal CO2 adsorption under different treatments. Totally results of this research showed that two Rain Water Catchment systems including insulated some portion by plastic without any gravel filter (E) and eliminated of vegetation and pebble without any gravel filter (C) had maximum positive effect on activity of photosynthetic parameters in Apricot seedlings versus control treatment (A) exhibited minimum activity of photosynthetic parameters in Apricot seedlings. It can say the effect of treatments in runoff delivery to the Apricot seedlings is the cause of obtained aforementioned results.
Farzad Bayat Movahhed; Davood Nikkami; Mohammad Tokasi; Parviz Moradi; Hamideh Daghigh
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions the precipitation occurs erratically, and often, with high intensity which causes sediment production and soil loss especially in the areas ploughed parallel to the hill slope direction. In such areas, we can reduce those undesirable effects through employing proper management ...
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In arid and semi-arid regions the precipitation occurs erratically, and often, with high intensity which causes sediment production and soil loss especially in the areas ploughed parallel to the hill slope direction. In such areas, we can reduce those undesirable effects through employing proper management method. In this survey the effect of two treatments of applying straw mulch in standard plots and over three slope classes of 0-12, 12-20, and 20-40 % with three replicates in the split plot format on the base of RCB design were compared. In all plots, the parallel plough to slope direction was done. After wheat cultivation, on the half of plots, straw mulch was applied uniformly by hand on the soil surface. After any rainfall events, the amount of sediment was measured. Results showed that application of straw mulch caused a reduction of about 36.9, 10.8, and 55.4 % soil loss in three slope classes compared to the plots without mulch application respectively. These amounts for organic carbon loss were 33.2, 7.1, and 29.43 %. Statistical analysis by SAS software showed that difference between two treatments for sediment and Organic Carbon was significant at 5% probability. These results show that straw mulch application can highly increase the infiltration and water absorption and reduce soil and O.C. loss. Also, it can prevent the reduction of soil fertility through reducing organic material loss.
Farzad Bayat Movahed; Davood Nikkami; Hassan Shami
Volume 1, Issue 4 , February 2010, , Pages 275-279
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, operating the plough on slope direction, specially, in rain falling with more intensity, results in soil loss and erosion. In such areas, undesirable effects can reduce with operating suitable management. For this purpose, the effect of perpendicular plough to slope direction ...
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In arid and semi-arid regions, operating the plough on slope direction, specially, in rain falling with more intensity, results in soil loss and erosion. In such areas, undesirable effects can reduce with operating suitable management. For this purpose, the effect of perpendicular plough to slope direction and application of straw mulch in 1.8 * 22.1 meter erosion plots on three slope classes of 0-12, 12-20, and 20-40 percent with 3 replicates and RCB design in two different years were tested in Sohrain floodwater spreading research station. In the half of plots in 2003, the perpendicular plough to slope direction and in the others, plough on slope direction were operated. In 2005 at first, the plough on slope direction was done in all of the plots and then, straw mulch were used after wheat cultivation in half of plots. During the study period, the amount of soil loss was monitored after any rain fall by the tanks that located at the end of each plot. The results showed that operating of perpendicular plough to slope direction reduced soil loss about 10.1, 11.5, and 10.4 time relate to parallel plough to slope direction. Also, application of straw mulch reduced 36.9, 10.8, and 55.4 time relate to mulch application in three slope classes respectively. These results show that both perpendicular plough to slope direction and straw mulch application can reduce soil loss and thus, increase the infiltration rate and soil fertility.
